#Openlca features serial
OpenLCD is a Atmel AVR ATmega168 based LCD controller which can be interfaced using Serial (user specifiyable baud rate and RS232 compatible), SPI and I☬ protocols. "Given the uncertainty of actual scalability, the risks associated with CO 2 storage in rock, and the early-stage development of DAC technologies, the use of already established and similarly climate-efficient technologies such as battery-operated vehicles and heat pumps remains urgent.OpenLCD - A AVR based LCD controller OpenLCD "Given that CO 2 extraction is already comparatively efficient, DAC technologies are likely to play a long-term role in climate mitigation as a complement, not a replacement," Madhu and Pauliuk conclude.
For comparison with other technologies and CO 2 reduction measures, they used existing data from various literature sources, aligned them, and performed their own process modeling to ensure completeness and consistency.
They calculated the environmental impact of providing the materials and energy needed to build the plants and capture and inject CO 2. However, according to Stefan Pauliuk, "Several factors for long-term CO 2 storage are still unknown or difficult to determine, such as the dynamically evolving CO 2 storage capacity of rocks."įor their study, the team determined the efficiency of CO 2 extraction technologies over their life cycle using a detailed life cycle assessment in OpenLCA software. Energy expenditures and emissions for the CO 2 extraction processes arise in particular from the necessary generation of ventilation, chemical reactions and heating, as well as the injection of the extracted CO 2 into deep soil layers. In a second step, the captured CO 2 is released again in high concentration by heating and then liquefied.
"Several factors for long-term storage are still unknown"Įxtraction technologies first bring ambient air into contact with a substance that absorbs the CO 2 from the air. They published the results of their study, "Understanding environmental trade-offs and resource demand of direct air capture technologies through comparative life-cycle assessment," in the journal Nature Energy. The resulting net CO 2 extraction of 0.7-0.85 tons is comparable to the CO 2 savings from using the same amount of energy for electric cars instead of gasoline-powered cars. "The low-temperature process for CO 2 extraction proved to be surprisingly efficient," says Kavya Madhu, "for one ton of CO 2 extraction, for example, 0.3 tons of CO 2 are currently emitted in the energy and heat supply required for this, and as little as 0.15 tons if low- CO 2 electricity is used. They also compared these values to key existing technologies and measures for CO 2 reduction, such as e-mobility and heat pumps. To do so, they determined for two common DAC processes-one at high and one at low temperature for capturing CO 2-how high their energy input, CO 2 emissions and other consumption factors are to extract one ton, one megaton and one gigaton of CO 2 from the atmosphere and inject it into deep soil layers.
Stefan Pauliuk from the University of Freiburg (Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources) has now analyzed the carbon footprint of these technologies. A research team led by Kavya Madhu and Prof.
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